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考研英语听力之一——数字表达类基本要求

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更多 发布于:2004-04-29 22:59

<P>语言是什么?</P>
<P>语言首先是一种交流的工具。人们在日常生活中,主要通过四种方式来实现这种交流功能,即:听,说,读,写。据专家统计,听和说在人们的交际中所占的比率最大,分别为45%和38%。听和说是语言活动中最重要的功能,然而它们也恰恰是我国英语教学中最难解决的方面。听是吸收,是输入;说是释放,是输出。只有听的清楚,听的明白,才能说的标准,说的流畅;而也只有说的流畅,说的自然,才能听的明白,听的自如。听和说是相互联系,相辅相成的。为了很好的体现英语听说技能不分家的特点,更是为了达到考研大纲对考生的这种互动能力的考查要求,我们结合考研大纲听力部分的考查特点及重点,并通过典型试题分析,以及多年的实际听力教学经验,特提供以下几种日常交际中的重要语言功能交流例句,希望能给广大考生带来帮助。</P>
<P>一、数字表达类(Numbers)</P>
<P>研究生入学考试听力试题中第一部分为填充表格,其中很大一部分是根据所听内容填写诸如数字、时间和地点等具体信息。而数字、时间等信息正是中国考生最不容易听清楚的。下面我们将数字、时间等英语语言信息的日常表达方法介绍给大家:</P>
<P>1.英语中纯数字的表达方法</P>
<P>小数和分数:</P>
<P>0.17zero point one seven / point seventeen / zero point seventeen</P>
<P>1/2one half</P>
<P>1/3one /a third</P>
<P>3/4three fourths</P>
<P>7??2/5seven and two fifths</P>
<P>大于100的数字:</P>
<P>101one hundred (and ) one</P>
<P>200two hundred</P>
<P>998nine hundred ( and ) ninety??eight</P>
<P>在英语中上面括弧中的and一般不能省略;而在美国英语中却往往省去。请分析下面的对话:</P>
<P>A:How many people are presnt in the party last night?</P>
<P>B: That's nine hundred and ninety-eight, exactly.</P>
<P>A: Woo, you must be joking. How can you get such an accurate number? </P>
<P>B: Ha, ha... surely I am joking. You silly goose.</P>
<P>大于1000的数字:</P>
<P>1001a/one thousand (and) one</P>
<P>2232two thousand two hundred (and) thirty??two</P>
<P>900,732,266,043 </P>
<P>nine hundred billion seven hundred thirty??two million two hundred sixty??six thousand and forty three</P>
<P>英语中一千以上数字的表达方法是以三位数为单元,从高到低billion,million,thousand而依次读出的。因此我们在听时,可以三位数三位数地记录。试比较下面的对话:</P>
<P>A:Can you tell me exactly the numbers of the whole people in our country?</P>
<P>B:One billion four hundred thirty??two million two hundred sixty??six thousand and forty three.</P>
<P>A:Thank you very much.</P>
<P>2.英语中时间的表达方法</P>
<P>英语中时间的表达方法主要有直接法和借用介词法等。</P>
<P>(1)直接法。</P>
<P>上午八点eight AM (a.m.)[ei em]</P>
<P>下午九点nine PM (p.m.)[pi:em]</P>
<P>六点六分six six </P>
<P>六点三十二six thirty two</P>
<P>八点正eight o??clock</P>
<P>(2)借用介词法。</P>
<P>八点四十五a quarter to nine</P>
<P>七点零五分five past seven</P>
<P>七点五十四six to eight</P>
<P>六点半half past six</P>
<P>(3)表示正点的用法。</P>
<P>十一点正at 11 o??clock sharp</P>
<P>at 11 o??clock on the hour </P>
<P>at 11 o??clock on the strike</P>
<P>正午12点at noon</P>
<P>午夜12点at midnight</P>
<P>(注:12点22分可读作:twelve twenty-tw twenty-two past twelve(英式说法);twenty-two after twelve(美式说法)</P>
<P>1点15可读作:one fifteen; a quarter past one(英式说法):a quarter after one(美英说法)</P>
<P>8点50分可读作:eight fifty; ten to nine(英式说法);ten before nine(美式说法)</P>
<P>1点40分可读作:one forty; twenty to two(英式说法);twenty before two(美式说法)</P>
<P>“提前半小时”可用:half an hour early; thirty minutes early; early by half an hour; half an hour ahead of time; half an hour ahead of schedule等来表示。)</P>
<P>时间表示法和时段的简单运算是听力考试的热点,请看下面的对话:</P>
<P>W: How long does the class usually last?</P>
<P>M: Umm, let me think. It starts from a quarter to nine, and ends at nine thirty. So...</P>
<P>W: That is forty??five minutes. Thank you very much!</P>
<P>Q: When does the class usually start?</P>
<P>3.英语中货币的表达方法</P>
<P>英国货币:penny(便士)/pence (penny的复数),pound (£)</P>
<P>£20.50:twenty pounds fifty pence,也可以简单地写作:twenty fifty</P>
<P>美国货币:</P>
<P>1美元钞票a S|1.00 bill</P>
<P>1 dollar=100 cents</P>
<P>(S|1.00=one dollar)</P>
<P>(S|2.00=two dollars)</P>
<P>25美分1 quarter</P>
<P>10美分1 dime</P>
<P>5美元1 nickel</P>
<P>1美分1 penny</P>
<P>S|15.95:fifteen dollars ninety-five cents,或fifteen ninety-five.</P>
<P>(注:表示正常价格: regular price, normal price.</P>
<P>表示价格划算:a good buy, a better buy, an excellent price, a good price/ bargain.</P>
<P>表示价格较贵:dear, expensive, more expensive, steep.</P>
<P>表示价格便宜:cheap, inexpensive, bargain price, less expensive.</P>
<P>表示减价出售:sale price, on sale, garage sale, Christmas sale, special price.</P>
<P>词组:discount, half, double, cut off, knock off, twice as much as ,cross off, etc.)</P>
<P> 4.英语中关于数字及其计算的听力考点</P>
<P>(1)数字辨别:</P>
<P>有关数字辨别的一个关键考点就是类似30/13,40/14,50/15,60/16的听音,看大家能否听出其发音区别。听力理解中难以分辨的基数词主要有以下几对:</P>
<P>thirteen与thirty; fourteen与forty; fifteen与fifty; sixteen与sixty; seventeen与seventy;eighteen与eighty; nineteen与ninety,在英文中这几对数词叫做teens and tens(十几与几十)。</P>
<P>不管加减还是乘除,这类题中至少会出现两个数字,你的任务就是迅速地判断这两者的关系,然后根据听音再确定正确选项。</P>
<P>(2)加减法计算:</P>
<P>在需要简单的加减法计算的题型中,对话中至少出现两个数字,它们之间的关系往往用“多少”、“迟早”、“快慢”、“前后”的形容词、副词或介词短语等来表达。还要注意一些能够表示数的存在或引起数的变化的动词,这些动词也能确定数字之间的加减关系,例如:</P>
<P>be, have, start, begin, spend, miss, leave, postpone, prolong, increase, add, borrow, lend, loan, delay, save, go up, go down, rate, at x% off the price等。</P>
<P>大家还应该记住下面这些表示加减关系的词:</P>
<P>more(多),less(少),late(晚),early(早),fast(快),slow(慢),before(前),after(后),add/addition(加上),plus(加上),subtract/ subtraction(减去),minus(减去)</P>
<P>Dialogue 1:</P>
<P>M: This black bag is 2.00 and that blue one is a dollar more.</P>
<P>W: The red one is twice as much as the blue one.</P>
<P>Q: How much are two red bags?</P>
<P>A.S|4.00B.S|6.00</P>
<P>C.S|8.00D.S|12.00</P>
<P>这道题从选择项上来看非常简单,因为数字不大,所以乍一看选择项有可能放松警惕,而实际上,这道貌似简单的题,中间却暗含着陷阱。因为原文中提到black、blue、red三个颜色的bag,最后提问的是红色书包的价格,包含了一个加法和乘法运算。如果大家在听的时候没记好,又没有做好笔记,就很容易出错。因此,在听力答题中要保持一个清醒的头脑,稳扎稳打是成功的重要保证。</P>
<P>Dialogue 2:</P>
<P>W: Three hours ago, I saw Bob at a meeting. Is he home yet?</P>
<P>M: No. He said he would be back at four and it??s six already.</P>
<P>Question: What time did the woman see Bob?</P>
<P>A??2∶00 B??3∶00 C??5∶00 D??6∶00</P>
<P>在这个例子中,见到Bob的具体时间必须依据现在的时间推断出。现在时间是6点钟,而说话人是在三小时之前见到Bob的,因而那时的时间约是3点钟。正确的选项是B.</P>
<P>Dialogue 3:</P>
<P>M:Which coat did you finally decide to buy?</P>
<P>W: Well, I would like to buy the green one, but it was S|85.00, so I bought the pink one instead, and save S|35.00.</P>
<P>Question: How much did the woman pay for the coat?</P>
<P>A??60 B??75 C??90 D??50</P>
<P>原对话中并未直接给出说话人所购买的衣服的价钱,但可以通过其他信息推算出来。灰色衣服是85元,而买棕色的可以节省35元,即棕色的衣服是50元。应选D.</P>
<P>Dialogue 4:</P>
<P>W.How many people showed up for the meeting yesterday, thirty?</P>
<P>M:Twenty-five are expected to come, but the number was double that.</P>
<P>Question: What??s the actual number of people who attended the meeting?</P>
<P>A??20 B??35 C??35 D??50</P>
<P>此题中的运算关系由double一词体现出来,即双倍的。原来预计有25人到场,实际上是原先的两倍,因而正确的选项是D. </P>
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