您觉得英语写作有困难吗，请看清华老师是咋说的5

<B>第五讲　考试题型和写作模式<p></p></B></P>
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6. The Beginning and Ending (开头引人入胜，结尾水到渠成)<p></p></P>
文章的开头可以用俗语，给人以熟悉、亲近感; 亦可先提出一个众人熟悉且赞同的观点，然后提出与之截然想反的观点，形成悬念，给人以新鲜感，从而引起兴趣。<p></p></P>
文章结尾可根据上文得出一个结论，提出解决问题的方法，或以不同的语言重述上文中心想不要提出新的观点，不宜过长。<p></p></P>
IV. Writing Types in the Exam and Some Patterns (考试题型和写作模式)<p></p></P>
1. “命题 + 提纲” 作文<p></p></P>
Notes：命题作文要求学生根据所给的题目来组织材料和发展段落；通常给出写作提纲，<p></p></P>
即要点，必须紧紧围绕要点来写。<p></p></P>
1) Self-Study<p></p></P>
Outline:<p></p></P>
1．Self- study is perhaps far more important than schooling.<p></p></P>
2．Self- study enables us to discover new knowledge which can carry society forward.<p></p></P>
3．In our times, self- study remains as important as before, though educational<p></p></P>
facilities are much better than those in the past.<p></p></P>
Today we all go to school when we are young. Teachers pass knowledge from the old to the young, and we learn from them. Schooling prepares us for entering society. However, self- study is perhaps far more important than schooling. It runs from cradle to tomb; it covers a wider range of subjects; it caters more directly to our needs. In self- study, we learn from books and from other people.<p></p></P>
The discovery of new knowledge is most important to mankind because it carries society forward. And it is mainly self- study that enables us to do this. We may well ask: who taught Edison to make over the thousand inventions? Wasn’t it self- study?<p></p></P>
In our times, though educational facilities are much better than those in the past, self- study remains as important as before. This is because there are so many new things which we have to learn. People who are at the fore of progress are always those who self-study.<p></p></P>
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2) What is the best preparation for life?<p></p></P>
提示：有人讲，人生最好的准备是学习与他人合作。有人则持相反观点，认为学习竞争才是最好的，你的观点是什么？<p></p></P>
Some people say that the best preparation for life is learning to work with others and be cooperative. In life we are faced with many types of situations. Each situation requires us to behave in different ways. In school or work we may be faced with a large project which demands the cooperation of many individuals. In this instance, each person must be flexible, supportive and be willing to compromise because he is only a small part of a much larger machine.<p></p></P>
Others take the opposite view and say that learning to be competitive is the best preparation. Being competitive also has a place in life. The desire to succeed and do better than others will motivate us to work hard on the job and study diligently at school. But competition has its limits. Sometimes it may become selfish and destructive. Then which preparation is the best?<p></p></P>
In my opinion, in order to succeed in life, we must learn to be both cooperative, as well as competitive. The most important thing to learn in life is to know when to be cooperative and when to be competitive.<p></p></P>
2. 图表作文<p></p></P>
Notes：要求首先分析和理解图表内所给的事实和数据，然后准确地进行概括和描述，最后写出一篇有内在联系的短文。<p></p></P>
1) 对照曲线图完成下面的短文。<p></p></P>
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　<p></p></P>
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990<p></p></P>
(University Admissions, 1960 - 1990)<p></p></P>
As the shows, the general trend of university admissions from 1960 to 1990 is on the , from 6,000 to about 9,000 students a year. In the early 1960s, the admission . But from 1965 to 1970 the number of admissions before they began to for to 1980. The early 1980s saw of admissions, followed by an equally to of in . Finally, the admissions fell to about .<p></p></P>
2）Directions：<p></p></P>
Write a composition based on the number of deaths in Country x from selected causes from 1986 -1990 which is shown in the following table.<p></p></P>
Year Cancer Heart Diseases Suicide Accident<p></p></P>
1986 62 124 92 75<p></p></P>
1987 60 140 85 78<p></p></P>
1988 63 151 85 78<p></p></P>
1989 65 143 43 78<p></p></P>
1990 62 149 75 75<p></p></P>
　The causes of death in Country X listed in the chart are cancer, heart diseases, suicide and accidents. According to the chart, the leading cause of death in this country between 1986 and 1990, was consistently heart disease. In 1986, 1,240,000 persons died of heart disease and this increased to 1,490,000 in 1990, an increase of 250,000deaths.<p></p></P>
Suicide was contributed to another high number of deaths in country X from 1986 to 1990. Compared with 1986, the suicide rate decreased.<p></p></P>
From 1986 to 1990, accidental killing ranked as the third leading cause of death with 750,000 each. It’ s rate remained relatively unchanged over the four years.<p></p></P>
Following accidents, cancer was the fourth leading cause of the death. The cancer death rate also remained fairly stable over the last four year. But in 1989, the cancer death was reaching high of 650,000. Poor health, poor health education and serious environment pollution were the major factors contributing to the cancer death cause in Country X.<p></p></P>